Diabetes mellitus is a serious disorder, which is characterized by deficiency of insulin to one degree or another. As a result of the pathology, hyperglycaemia may appear, that is, an increase in blood sugar, which will lead to various metabolic disturbances and complications.
Diabetes is in third place mainly after cancer and cardiovascular diseases. All over the world, over one hundred million people are currently known with this disease. Every 15 years, the number of cases doubles.
There are no drugs that can completely eliminate the manifestations of diabetes. If the disease is not treated for a long time, irreversible disorders occur in the vases of various organs.
To note the symptoms of the pathology over time, you should know which types of diabetes exist.
Types of diabetes
In medicine, different types of diabetes are released. The term itself reveals an entire list of diseases with common characteristics. The characteristics of diabetes and their types consist in the pathological level of blood sugar.
There are many reasons why insulin cannot cause glucose to cells from blood. However, the result is always the same: with a strong saturation of blood with sugar, cells cannot eat normally.
When the sugar does not fall into the cells, it pulls water on itself. A liquid that fills the blood flow passes through the kidneys and dehydration occurs. Despite what are diabetes, there are such symptoms:
- Dry mouth.
- Thirst.
- Frequent and abundant urination.
Each type of disorder stands out for its own characteristic effect on the human body. Diabetes, whose types have their differences, perhaps:
- Nonachary and sugar.
- Latent.
- Potential, is expressed in predisposition to the disease.
- Insulin -dependent and dependent on insulin.
- Laby.
- Renal.
- Postoperative, appears after the pancreas surgery.
- Pancreatic, expressed in the pancreas injury.
- Non -electic, it is not associated with pancreas damage.
The first type of diabetes mellitus
Diabetes dependent on insulin is called autoimmune or viral to pancreas damage, the organ that produces insulin. People with type 1 diabetes, insulin or does not have at all or is in very small volumes.
Statistics suggest that type 1 disease appears at a young age. It is determined by symptoms such as a serious thirst, rapid urination, rapid weight loss, a strong feeling of hunger and the appearance of acetone in the urine.
The treatment of this variety of disease is to introduce the desired dose of the hormone from the outside. Other therapeutic actions are completely ineffective. The first type of diabetes appears more often due to genetic predisposition. This disease can cause one or more negative factors, starting pathological changes in the immune system.
As a result, pancreatic cells are deformed, producing insulin. The lack of hormone leads to the fact that carbohydrates cannot be completely disposed of in the body and the lack of energy is trying to compensate for fat processing.
Toxic substances begin to enter the brain. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly control the current state of the body and the content of glucose in the blood.
The disease can occur due to:
- Infections.
- Stress.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Inheritance.
- Inal meals.
This diabetes is up to 15% of the total number of patients. Very often children and teenagers get sick. The disorder appears due to a passive lifestyle and constant use of carbohydrates. Obesity and diabetes may appear during the intake:
- Soda drinks.
- Smoked meats.
- Canned products.
- Fast food.
Sometimes diabetes, and then obesity appears for the first time. Type 1 disease has such symptoms:
- Weakness.
- Irritability.
- A feeling of fatigue.
- Nausea.
- Improved thirst.
- Call to urination.
Patients often quickly lose body weight or vice versa increases weight. Diabetes can be:
- Primary: genetic, essential.
- Secondary: thyroid, pituitary, steroid.
The disease can be mild, medium or serious. By nature of the course, the disease is divided into insulin type -dependent and dependent on insulin. Due to the high blood sugar content, the gems and blood vessels are deformed.
Therefore, people who suffer from a type 1 disorder, in many cases, lose their vision, becoming almost blind. There are also two main events: first a violation of the kidneys, therefore - the failure of this organ. Patients often notice pain and numbness of the limbs. This is due to a violation of the blood circulation and the damage to the nerves.
In case of violation of the blood flow in the feet, there is a high risk of leg amputation. With type 1 disease, there is a high volume of cholesterol in the blood, therefore, in diabetics, cases of stroke or myocardial infarction are not rare.
In men with diabetes, impotence often develops, since nerve and blood vessels cease to exist in a healthy regime. Due to the pathology, they seem:
- Obesity.
- Pancreatitis.
- Dermatopathy.
- Nephropathy.
- Encephalopathy.
One of the pathologies that represent great danger is the hypoglycemic coma. This condition often leads to death.
Patients with diabetes should determine the blood sugar level every day using special devices created for the conditions of the house. If necessary, the urine is prescribed for the sugar content.
If the glucose level has increased, insulin injections are needed to treat 1 type disorder. This hormone is involved in the metabolism, allowing the body to process carbohydrates.
If there is no adequate treatment of type 1 diabetes, serious complications appear. In some cases, death is possible. Sometimes a person needs hospitalization to establish the complexity of the situation.
In stationary conditions, new sugar control skills are taught to the patient.
The second type of diabetes mellitus
This type of disease occurs with insufficient insufficient insulin products. The condition is also aggravated by a decrease in the cellular activity of this organ. Generally, the pathology is formed due to the hereditary consumption of the hormone tissues.
The insulin fabrics have insulin receptors. Due to the appearance of the pathology of these receptors, the immunity of tissues to insulin develops. The hormone secretion does not decrease, forming the relative deficiency of insulin.
In patients with obesity, first of all, there is a decrease in the function of insulin receptors. Overflow leads to excess formation of glucose in the blood, while non -controversial tissues do not allow to obtain glucose in the cells.
Since a sufficient amount of insulin is needed to attract sugar in the cells, its excessive pancreas products begin, which is wrapped in the exhaustion of beta cells.
2 of the type of medicine diabetes is not considered hereditary pathology, but a wrong lifestyle disease. Even with a serious existing heredity, this violation will not be formed if:
- The use of sweet products and other "fast" carbohydrates is limited.
- No excess of food.
- There is constant control over body mass.
- Physical exercises are constantly performed.
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes are not specific. The person does not notice their manifestations, in most cases, since there is no significant deterioration in well -being. But knowing the symptoms, you cannot miss the moment of their appearance and consult a doctor in time, determining the concentration of glucose in the blood. Therefore, a successful compensation for diabetes will be created, the risk of complications will decrease significantly.
The main events of this pathology:
- Dry mouth.
- An increase in the volume of the urine, which constantly wakes up a person at night.
- Strong thirst.
- Itching of the mucous membranes.
- Strong appetite associated with the failure of the synthesis of leptin.
The presence of diabetes can also speak:
- Slow restoration of the wounds.
- Furunculosis.
- Impotence.
- Fungal infections.
The disorder can be found for the first time when you enter the hospital due to a stroke or heart attack. These diseases indicate that diabetes is in a serious phase.
The usual symptoms occur only with an increase in the sugar level above the renal threshold - 10 mmol /l. With this increase in glucose, it appears in the urine. If the value does not reach 10 mmol/l of blood, then a person does not feel changes in the body.
It can be seen that the random installation of type 2 diabetes is a very common phenomenon.
For diabetes therapy, 2 types are used: the following means are used:
- Biguanides.
- Tiosolidind.
- Cost sulfanillarochevine.
- Clay.
Gestational diabetes
The gestational form of the disease may appear in a pregnant woman. The pathology is formed due to insufficient insufficient production, necessary to regulate blood sugar.
During pregnancy, the woman's body is forced to produce a large amount of insulin, which provides the needs of the fetus. This process is particularly relevant in the second half of the childish.
If there is a lack of insulin, the level of glucose in the blood is constantly increasing, giving the opportunity to form a gestational type of diabetes. This disease usually occurs independently, immediately after childbirth.
This is a feature that distinguishes it from other types of diabetes, which are chronic.
Latent diabetes
A large number of unclear moments are associated with diabetes. The most common types of disorder are the first and second type. It is worth noting that there is an intermediate type of this dangerous disease called Diabetes Lada.
This disease occurs in adulthood. This variety of the disease is dangerous as for a long time it can be masked as type 2 diabetes. The latent form of the disease is very difficult.
Lada is a serious autoimmune disease. The immune system begins to attack its body, constantly destroying the beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. But such patients can do without insulin injections for a long time, unlike those who are more type 1 diabetes.
With a latent form of diabetes, immune processes proceed quite slowly. The functioning beta cells are kept at the pancreas. Patients show treatment with drugs intended for diabetics with the 2nd type of diabetes. Over time, antibodies destroy more and more beta cells, which leads to a serious decrease in the amount of insulin and the inevitable use of insulin therapy.
Hidden diabetes
The hidden diabetes Mellito has another name: latent or sleeping. This pathology is a diabetes in an initial phase.
With a preliminary phase of diabetes, sugar and its blood indicators never exceed the norm. In the initial phase of the disease, a violation of glucose tolerance is recorded. In addition, after sugar load, a person is noticed in the very slow blood, but a decrease in the concentration of glucose.
These people have a rather high probability of diabetes in 10-15 years. This disorder does not require specific complex therapy, but constant medical observation is important. Over the years, the latent type of diabetes mellitus may occur.
To develop it, sometimes it is sufficient to survive a serious nerve disorder or to obtain a viral infection.
Diabetes Non Adalar
Non -Adalar diabetes is a pathology, caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of vasopressin, a hormone, which has an antidiuretic effect. People suffer from sudden urination and thirsty. Sleep is significantly broken and a person cannot normally restore strength.
About 6-15 liters of loose light urine are released per day. There is also a lack of appetite and weight loss. A person is constantly tired and irritated, dry skin is observed and the lack of sweating.
Subcompense diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that consists in the compromise metabolism of carbohydrates. All medical measures aim to normalize it. It is quite difficult to obtain a constant effect. Due to prolonged therapy, the level of carbohydrate metabolism can float and have different values.
There are different forms that allow you to compensate for this dangerous disease. We are talking about:
- Decommented.
- Subcompense.
- Compensated form.
The decompensated form is characterized by the fact that there is almost no improvement in the metabolism of carbohydrates. There is a high concentration of glucose in the blood, in acetone and sugar are found in the urine.
Sottocyseed diabetes is a pathology in which blood sugar does not differ much from the norm, there is not even acetone in the urine. With the compensated shape of the disease, a person has glucose in normal, while there is no sugar in the urine.
Laby Diabete
The disease can be differentiated by the nature of the labile and stable course. The type of labile disorder is characterized by a significant fluctuation of glucose in daily blood.
In such people, hypoglycaemia appears, very often for dinner. Late night and early in the morning there is a strong thirst and a hyperglymp. The hidden course of the disease is often accompanied by the formation of ketoacidosis, which often leads to a diabetic coma.
A rapid replacement of hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia is characteristic of youth and child diabetes. The stability of the course of the disease is characteristic of its average phase. The disease proceeds Labilia when it is serious.